Unilateral high division of right sciatic nerve

A thorough knowledge of pelvis and lower extremity is of paramount importance in providing effective care to patients with lower extremity neuralgia. Neuroanatomy knowledge typically acquired in medical colleges at undergraduate level is limited and may not adequately equip the clinicians to effectively manage a patient with intractable pain of lower extremity especially if the nerves are not following a typical course. Sciatic nerve is the main nerve supplying most of the muscles and all of the joints of lower limb. It is a branch of Sacral plexus that leaves the pelvis usually below the piriformis muscle and after supplying the hamstring compartment divide at the level of apex of popliteal fossa into its two terminal divisions namely; Tibial And Common peroneal nerves. Sometimes Sciatic nerve while in the pelvis divides into its terminal branches that leave the pelvis in a number of ways in relation to piriformis muscle. This high division is responsible for ischalgia, wrongly placed intra-muscular inje ctions and piriformis syndrome. This study is carried out in various medical colleges of Lahore including FMH college of Medicine and Dentistry to update the statistical data provided to the therapist and clinicians managing patients of sciatica, ischalgia or piriformis syndrome

Prevalence of congenital duplication of collecting system in Pakistan

The urogenital system is more likely to have birth defects than any other system. Of all the urinary tract anomalies, Double ureter is the most common one. It may be incomplete [bind ureter] or complete duplication. In order to collect data for this various medical colleges were approached and 120 cadaveric kidney pairs were examined for the presence or absence of double ureters. It was found that 02 out of all examined kidney pairs were showing this anomaly. One pair was having bilateral double ureters while other was showing right sided ureteric duplication

Teratogenic, nephrotoxicity induced by aluminium

The intensified growth of the modern industry has been accompanied by an increased utilization of metals in the processing of manufactured goods, foods and drugs. The mobilization of many trace elements has resulted in a growing concern about the effects of these substances on various biological processes especially about their possible effects on early mammalian development Hardness of drinking water has positively been correlated to lethal congenital malformations. Chemical agents and pharmaceutical drugs play a very important role in the teratogenesis. Amongst other trace elements or environmental chemicals, aluminium has been reported to have teratogenic properties in chick and rats. So the present study was carried out to establish the role of aluminium containing compounds in producing intra-uterine growth retardation and defected renal development, when the pregnant mothers use these compounds for various periods during pregnancy

Role of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the evaluation and management of post-cholecystectomy pain due to biliary dyskinesia.

Imaging with technetium-99m analogs of imminodiacetic acid has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of various hepatobiliary diseases. The biliary ductal dilatation is usually late response of obstruction. With the development of TC-99m IDA scintigraphy, however, the functional aberrations associated with obstruction can be detected prior to the development of ductal enlargement identifiable by US & CT. We report a case of post-cholecystectomy pain due to biliary dyskinesia diagnosed by 99m TC-HIDA hepatobiliary imaging.